About Risk and Protective Factors
Research has identified demonstrated predictors of problem behaviors and positive youth outcomes. These predictors are known as risk and protective factors.
The Channing Bete Company offers tested, effective positive youth-development products based on risk and protective factors.
The protective factors are organized by the Social Development Strategy (SDS), which provides a guiding framework for building protection and promoting positive development. Developed by Dr. J. David Hawkins and Dr. Richard F. Catalano, the Social Development Strategy organizes what researchers have discovered about protective factors into a model of social development that pinpoints the critical elements and processes leading to positive youth development. The Social Development Strategy and the risk factors are based on longitudinal studies and more than 30 years of research reviewed by Dr. Hawkins and Dr. Catalano.
By clicking on the links below, you'll find a full description of the Social Development Strategy and the protective factors. You'll also find the definitions of the 20 risk factors found by developers Dr. J. David Hawkins and Dr. Richard F. Catalano to reliably predict alcohol and other drug use, delinquency, dropping out of school, teen pregnancy, and teen violence.
Download the definitions of the proven risk and protective factors. 
Download a sample Risk and Protective Factors chart.
Find out how the SDS compares with the Search Institute's developmental assets framework.
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